Measurement of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-type flavor entanglement in Upsilon(4S) --> B0 B0 decays

The neutral B meson pair produced at the Upsilon(4S) should exhibit a nonlocal correlation of the type discussed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen. We measure this correlation using the time-dependent flavor asymmetry of semileptonic B(0) decays, which we compare with predictions from quantum mechanics and two local realistic models. The data are consistent with quantum mechanics, and inconsistent with the other models. Assuming that some B pairs disentangle to produce B(0) and B(0) with definite flavor, we find a decoherent fraction of 0.029 +/ -0.057, consistent with no decoherence.     

Scale-Invariant Branch Distribution from a Soluble Stochastic Model

We consider a general model of branch competition that automatically leads to a critical branching configuration. This model is inspired by the 4– expansion of the dielectric breakdown model, but the mechanism of arriving at the critical point may be of relevance to other branching systems as well, such as fractures. The exact solution of this model clarifies the direct renormalization procedure used for the dielectric breakdown model, and demonstrates nonperturbatively the existence of additional irrelevant operators with complex scaling dimensions leading to discrete scale invariance. The anomalous exponents are shown to depend upon the details of branch interaction; we contrast with the branched growth model in which these exponents are universal to lowest order in 1–, and show that the branched growth model includes an inherent branch interaction different from that found in the dielectric breakdown model. We consider stationary and non-stationary regimes, corresponding to different growth geometries in the dielectric-breakdown model.     

Exact multifractal spectra for arbitrary laplacian random walks

Iterated conformal mappings are used to obtain exact multifractal spectra of the harmonic measure for arbitrary Laplacian random walks in two dimensions. Separate spectra are found to describe scaling of the growth measure in time, of the measure near the growth tip, and of the measure away from the growth tip. The spectra away from the tip coincide with those of conformally invariant equilibrium systems with arbitrary central charge c < or = 1, with c related to the particular walk chosen, while the scaling in time and near the tip cannot be obtained from the equilibrium properties.     

EVIDENCE FOR HIGH ENERGY STORAGE INTERMEDIATES IN BIOLUMINESCENCE

Abstract— The bioluminescent enzyme from Photobacterium fischeri is normally activated in vifro by reaction with FMNH₂ and O₂. in the presence of a long-chain aldehyde. Emission from enzyme intermediates in this reaction continues for several seconds, and if the mixture is frozen just after initiation of the reaction, this presumptive emission may be delayed until the system is warmed again. Light is then emitted in a fashion analogous to thermo-luminescent emission, with a maximum intensity at — 10°C. The experiments described here show that the total amount of light which is emitted under these conditions no longer depends so much upon aldehyde, a relatively high quantum yield being obtained both with and without aldehyde.
It is further shown that bioluminescence may be activated by light, populating it is believed, the same state which is responsible for the emission in the case of the FMNH₂-induced emission. The light-induced reaction does not depend on flavin in the enzyme preparations, nor does the activation spectrum resemble that of a flavoprotein. Activation may be carried out in the solid state at temperatures down to at least — 100°C, and so does not involve the diffusion of large molecules. It is proposed that energy storage takes place by charge separation, and that the excited state from which emission takes place is associated with charge recombination.     

Evidence for B0 --> D+ D- and observation of B- --> D0D- and B- -->D0D*- decays

We report evidence for B(0) --> D(0)D(-) and the first observation of the decay modes B(-) --> D(0)D(-) and B(-) --> D(0)D(*-) based on a sample of 152 x 10(6) BB events collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The branching fractions for B(0) --> D(+) D(-), B--->D(0)D(-), and B--> D(0)D(*-) are found to be (1.91 +/- 0.51 +/- 0.30) x10(-4), (4.83 +/- 0.78 +/- 0.58) x 10(-4), and (4.57 +/- 0.71 +/- 0.56) x 10(-4), respectively. Charge asymmetries in the B---> D(0)D(-) and B(-) --> D(0)D(*-) channels are consistent with zero.     

Diffusion processes on power-law small-world networks

We consider diffusion processes on power-law small-world networks in different dimensions. In one dimension, we find a rich phase diagram, with different transient and recurrent phases, including a critical line with continuously varying exponents. The results were obtained using self-consistent perturbation theory and can also be understood in terms of a scaling theory, which provides a general framework for understanding processes on small-world networks with different distributions of long-range links.     

Observation of the D1(2420)-->Dpi + pi- decays

We report on the first observation of D0/1(2420)-->D0pi- pi+ and D+/1(2420-->D+ pi- pi+ decays (where the contribution from the dominant known D1-->D*pi decay mode is excluded) in the B- -->D0/1pi-) and (-)B0-->D+/1pi- decays, respectively. The observation is based on 15.2 x 10(7) B(-)B events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. We also set 90% confidence level upper limits for the branching fractions of the four following decays: B- -->D0/1pi-, D01-->D(*0)pi- pi+, (-)B0-->D+/1pi-, D+/1-->D(*+) pi- pi+, B- -->D(*0)2(2460)pi-, D(*0)2 -->D(*0) pi- pi+, (-)B0-->D(*+)2(2460)pi-, D(*+)2-->D(*+)pi- pi+.     

Observation of a near-threshold omegaJ/psi mass enhancement in exclusive B-->KomegaJ/psi decays

We report the observation of a near-threshold enhancement in the omegaJ/psi invariant mass distribution for exclusive B-->KomegaJ/psi decays. The results are obtained from a 253 fb(-1) data sample that contains 275 x 10(6) BB pairs that were collected near the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider. The statistical significance of the omegaJ/psi mass enhancement is estimated to be greater than 8sigma.     

Observation of B0-->pi0pi0

We report the observation of the decay B0-->pi(0)pi(0), using a 253 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider. The measured branching fraction is B(B0-->pi(0)pi(0))=(2.3(+0.4+0.2)(-0.5-0.3))x10(-6), with a significance of 5.8 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties. We also make a measurement of the direct CP violating asymmetry in this mode.